Thanks to clinical research, several effective treatment options are available for patients diagnosed with colon and rectal cancer. One effective approach is chemotherapy, which circulates through the bloodstream to target both the tumor and any cancer cells that may have spread beyond the colon or rectum to the abdominal area, lymphatic system, or other distant areas.

When chemotherapy is included in the treatment plan, many colorectal cancer patients receive a combination known as FOLFOX, administered continuously over 48 hours. Combination therapies such as this tend to be more intense than other chemotherapy treatments, leading to side effects. It can be helpful to understand the different side effects you might experience before treatment starts. 

Potential Side Effects of Receiving FOLFOX

Generally, most side effects are temporary and go away after treatment, and you may not experience all of these. 

Fatigue

Many patients receiving FOLFOX treatment experience fatigue, which can significantly impact their daily lives. To ensure you get the rest needed to recover from treatments, consider enlisting the help of a friend or family member with daily tasks. Whenever possible, include light exercise in your routine and maintain a balanced diet, as both can help boost your energy levels.

Sensitivity to Cold and Hot Temperatures

FOLFOX chemotherapy can damage nerves, leading to a condition called peripheral neuropathy. This may result in tingling, burning, or numbness, particularly in your hands and feet, as well as increased sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures. 

Consider wearing compression socks to improve circulation in your feet. Keep a pair of gloves or oven mitts handy for handling hot or cold items.

Gastrointestinal Issues

It's not uncommon to experience gastrointestinal issues, such as digestion problems, gas, bloating, cramping, constipation, and diarrhea during chemotherapy that targets your colon. Your oncologist can offer guidance on what foods to eat and what to avoid, which can help you determine what to stock in your pantry or fridge during and after treatment. Following their dietary recommendations will help ensure you receive the proper nutrition during this time. They may also advise on over-the-counter medications that can help relieve other gastrointestinal discomforts.

Thinning Hair

FOLFOX can lead to hair thinning, but most people experience regrowth after completing the treatment. To help reduce hair loss, consider using a mild shampoo, conditioner, and better-quality hair products. Sleeping on a silk pillowcase and avoiding excessive heat styling may also be beneficial.

Mucositis

Before starting treatment, talk to your colorectal cancer specialist about the risk of inflammation of your mucus cells that line the mouth, throat, and intestines. You can develop painful mouth sores and have abdominal pain from this condition, which makes it hard to eat and keep up with your needed nutrition.

Brush your mouth gently, and create a rinse of salt water and baking soda that you can use five or six times a day to cleanse your mouth before infection develops. Avoid spicy, greasy, and high-sugar foods that can irritate your bowels. Your cancer care team can also help with pain management of mucositis during your treatment.

Skin Changes

Chemotherapy can affect your skin, making it feel dry, rashy, or more sensitive to the sun. To manage these changes, use moisturizer regularly to keep your skin hydrated, and apply sunscreen to prevent sunburn. 

Lack of Appetite

Chemotherapy can cause a loss of appetite. It may also influence how food smells or tastes. Many patients experience a decreased appetite during chemotherapy. If you’re not able to eat regularly to keep up your strength, try drinking shakes and talk to your doctor about what they recommend for increasing your appetite. 

Weakened Immune System

Chemotherapy is effective at killing cancer cells, but it can also harm healthy cells. This can weaken your immune system, increasing the chance of infections. The cancer care team may prescribe filgrastim to help boost your body’s white blood cell production, increasing your body’s ability to fight infections. You can also protect your immune system by washing your hands often and avoiding crowded places or sick people.

Anemia

FOLFOX chemotherapy may lead to anemia, which can cause weakness and dizziness. The regular blood tests run before treatment will tell your oncologist if you have developed this condition. A transfusion might be necessary if your red blood cell count becomes too low. It’s essential to take care of yourself during this time: allow for plenty of time to rest, move at a slower pace, eat iron-rich foods, and don’t hesitate to ask for help to avoid overdoing it. 

Possible Long-Term Side Effects of FOLFOX Colorectal Cancer Treatment 

Fortunately, most side effects improve over time. However, some, such as neuropathy, may last much longer. Other side effects, like fatigue or bowel issues, could last for up to one year after treatment. In some cases, physical therapy may be necessary to address these lingering side effects.

At Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers, our gastrointestinal oncology specialists are committed to educating patients and providing essential resources to help them regain a sense of control during and after their colorectal cancer treatment. 

How to Prepare for Colorectal Cancer Treatment with FOLFOX

Taking some proactive steps before receiving FOLFOX chemotherapy treatments is a good idea to help your body be as strong as possible. This includes:

• Stop smoking if you smoke.
• See a dentist for a cleaning before you start treatment
• Try to eat as much healthy food as possible before and during treatment, giving your body the energy it needs to fight cancer. 
• Stay hydrated. Keep water near you and drink decaffeinated tea. Avoid carbonated drinks and alcohol during treatment as these can irritate the colon.

Expert Colorectal Cancer Care and Personalized Treatment in Colorado

Unfortunately, the side effects associated with colorectal cancer cannot be entirely avoided, but managing them becomes easier with proper preparation. The colorectal cancer specialists at Rocky Mountain Cancer Centers are here to help you find as much relief as possible throughout your treatment.

If you have been diagnosed with colorectal cancer, the care team at RMCC is ready to support you. Request an appointment at one of our convenient locations in Colorado, including the Denver area, Boulder, Colorado Springs, and Pueblo.